Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. It was established in 1902 by King Edward VII as a reward for distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Appointments to the Order are in the Sovereign's personal gift and ministerial advice is not required, KCIE, PRA The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London, England. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through, FRIBA The Royal Institute of British Architects is a professional body for architects in the United Kingdom, LLD (29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was a leading 20th century British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses The English country house is generally accepted as a large house or mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also usually owned another great house in town allowing one to spend time in the country and in the city. Country houses and stately homes are sometimes confused—while a country house is always in the country, a stately home.

He has been referred to as "the greatest British architect An architect is trained and licensed in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e. chief builder. A looser usage of Architect is: the translator of the building user's requirements of"[1] and is best known for playing an instrumental role in designing and building a section of the metropolis of Delhi Coordinates: 28°37′N 77°14′E / 28.61°N 77.23°E Delhi , known locally as Dilli (Hindi: दिल्ली, Punjabi: ਦਿੱਲੀ, Urdu: دلّی dillī), and also by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the second-largest metropolis in India. With over 15.9 million residents, it is the eighth largest, known as New Delhi New Delhi is the capital city of India. With a total area of 42.7 km2, New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and serves as the seat of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India The Government of India, officially referred to as the Union Government, and also as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. It is seated in New Delhi, Delhi.[2] In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as "Lutyens' Delhi Lutyens' Delhi is an area in Delhi, specifically New Delhi, India, named after the leading British architect Edwin Lutyens , who was responsible for much of the architectural design and building here when India was part of the British Empire". In collaboration with Herbert Baker Sir Herbert Baker was a British architect, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate The India Gate is one of the largest war memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. It is a prominent landmark in Delhi and commemorates the members of the erstwhile British Indian Army who lost their lives fighting for the Indian Empire in World War I and the Afghan Wars. Originally, a, he also designed the Viceroy's House now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official residence of the President of India, located in New Delhi, Delhi, India. Until 1950 it was known as "Viceroy's House" and served as the residence of the Governor-General of India. It is at the heart of an area known as Lutyens' Delhi.[3][4]

Contents

Biography

He was born and died in London. He was named after a friend of his father's, the painter and sculptor, Edwin Landseer Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, RA was an English painter, well known for his paintings of animals - particularly horses, dogs and stags. The best known of Landseer's works, however, are sculptures: the lions in Trafalgar Square, London. For many years he worked from offices at 29 Bloomsbury Square Bloomsbury Square is a garden square in Bloomsbury, Camden, London, London. Lutyens studied architecture at South Kensington School of Art The Royal College of Art is a university in London, England, United Kingdom. It is the world’s only wholly postgraduate art and design institution, offering the degrees of MA, MPhil and PhD, London from 1885 to 1887. After college he joined the Ernest George and Harold Ainsworth Peto architectural practice. It was here that he first met Sir Herbert Baker Sir Herbert Baker was a British architect.

Private practice

He began his own practice in 1888, his first commission being a private house at Crooksbury, Farnham, Surrey Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. During this work, he met the garden designer and horticulturalist Gertrude Jekyll Gertrude Jekyll was an influential British garden designer, writer, and artist. She created over 400 gardens in the UK, Europe and the USA and contributed over 1,000 articles to Country Life, The Garden and other magazines. In 1896 he began work on a house for Jekyll at Munstead Wood, Godalming, Surrey Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. It was the beginning of a fruitful professional partnership that would define the look of many Lutyens country houses.

The "Lutyens-Jekyll" garden overflowed with hardy shrubery and herbaceous plantings within a firm classicising architecture of stairs and balustraded terraces. This combined style, of the formal with the informal, exemplified by brick paths, softened by billowing herbaceous borders, full of lilies, lupins Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the legume family . The genus comprises between 200-600 species, with major centers of diversity in South America and western North America - subgen.Platycarpos and subgen. Lupinus - in the Mediterranean region and Africa, delphiniums Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The common name, Larkspur, is shared with the closely related genus Consolida, and lavender The Lavenders Lavandula are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region south to tropical Africa and to the southeast regions of India. The genus includes annuals, herbaceous plants, subshrubs, and small shrubs. The native range extends across the Canary Islands, North and East Africa, was in direct contrast to the very formal bedding schemes favoured by the previous generation in the Victorian era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would. This new "natural" style was to define the "English garden" until modern times.

Lutyens' fame grew largely through the popularity of the new lifestyle magazine Country Life Country Life is a British weekly magazine, based in London at 110 Southwark Street, and owned by media company IPC Media, a Time Warner subsidiary created by Edward Hudson, which featured many of his house designs. Hudson was a great admirer of Lutyens' style and commissioned Lutyens for a number of projects, including Lindisfarne Castle and the Country Life headquarters building in London. One of his assistants in the 1890s was Maxwell Ayrton Ormrod Maxwell Ayrton FRIBA , known as Maxwell Ayrton, was a Scottish architect. He spent most of his adult life working in London and designed houses, public buildings, and bridges.[5]

His works

Initially, his designs all followed the Arts and Crafts The Arts and Crafts Movement was a British, Canadian, Australian, and American aesthetic movement occurring in the last years of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. Inspired by the writings of John Ruskin and a romantic idealization of a craftsperson taking pride in their personal handiwork, it was at its height between style, but in the early 1900s his work became more classical Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained in style. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb in London to Julius Drewe's Castle Drogo near Drewsteignton in Devon Devon is a large county in South West England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, although that is an unofficial name, rarely used inside of the county itself and often indicating a traditional or historical context. The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its coastline follows the and on to his contributions to India's new imperial capital New Delhi (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanization scheme on Mughal Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islamic, Persian although Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer., and Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughals in the 16th and 17th centuries in what is now India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh water gardens. He also designed the beautiful, Hyderabad House, for the Last Nizam of Hyderabad Nizam , a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk (Urdu: نظام‌الملک), meaning Administrator of the Realm, was the title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad state, India, since 1719, belonging to the Asaf Jah dynasty. The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a viceroy of the Deccan under the Mughal emperors from 1713 to 1721 and, as his Delhi palace.

He also designed a chalk building, Marsh Court, in Hampshire, England, built between 1901 and 1905, it is the last of his Tudor designs and was based on a variant of ancient rammed earth Rammed earth, also known as pisé de terre or simply pisé, is a type of construction material. It is an ancient building method that has seen a revival in recent years as people seek more sustainable building materials and natural building methods. Traditionally, rammed earth buildings are common in arid regions where wood is in scarce supply building techniques.

The Cenotaph, Whitehall

Before the end of World War I World War I , also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Wars, was a global military conflict that embroiled most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Entente and the Central Powers. Over 70 million military personnel were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. The main, he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is an intergovernmental organization of six independent member states established through Royal Charter to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth of Nations military forces killed during the two World Wars. In this capacity, the Commission is responsible for the and was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. The best known of these monuments are the Cenotaph A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been interred elsewhere. The word derives from the Greek κενοτάϕιον . Although the vast majority of cenotaphs are erected in honour of individuals, many of the best-, Westminster and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Thiepval. The Cenotaph was originally commissioned by David Lloyd George During a long tenure of office, mainly as Chancellor of the Exchequer, he was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern Welfare State. He was Prime Minister throughout the latter half of World War I and the first four years of the subsequent peace. Although he was the last Liberal to hold that office, as a temporary structure to be the centrepiece of the Allied Victory Parade in 1919. Lloyd George proposed a Catafalque — a low empty platform but it was Lutyens' idea for the taller monument. The design took less than six hours to complete. Many local war memorials (such as the one at All Saints, Northampton Northampton ( pronunciation ) is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. It is about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, and lies on the River Nene. It is the county town of Northamptonshire) are Lutyens designs — based on the Cenotaph. He also designed the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin Dublin , officially known as Baile Átha Cliath or Áth Cliath (Irish pronunciation: [bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh] or [bˠɫaː cliə(ɸ)]) is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. It is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. Originally founded as a Viking, which were restored in the 1990s. Other works include the Tower Hill memorial, and (to a similar design to his India Gate The India Gate is one of the largest war memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. It is a prominent landmark in Delhi and commemorates the members of the erstwhile British Indian Army who lost their lives fighting for the Indian Empire in World War I and the Afghan Wars. Originally, a) a memorial in Victoria Park in Leicester Leicester (pronounced /ˈlɛstər/ , LES-ter) is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England. It is the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2004, the population of the city proper was estimated at 285,100, with 441,213 living in the wider Leicester Urban. Lutyens also refurbished Lindisfarne Castle for its wealthy owner.

He was knighted A knight is a "gentleman soldier" or member of the warrior class of the Middle Ages in Europe. In other Indo-European languages, cognates of cavalier or rider are more prevalent , suggesting a connection to the knight's legendary mode of transport in 1918,[6] and was elected a Fellow A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a man, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who work together as peers in the pursuit of knowledge or practice of the Royal Academy The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London, England. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through in 1921[7]. In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment is an executive non-departmental public body of the UK government, established in 1999. It is funded by both the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and the Department for Communities and Local Government,[8] a position he held until his death.

Whilst work continued in New Delhi, Lutyens continued to receive other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the British Embassy in Washington, DC Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the Territory of Columbia until an act of Congress in 1871 effectively merged the City and the.

In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls' House. This four storey Palladian Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio . The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired by Palladio's own work; that which is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original concepts. Palladio's villa was built in 1/12th scale and is now a permanent exhibit in the public area of Windsor Castle Together with Buckingham Palace in London and Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, it is one of the principal official residences of the British monarch. Queen Elizabeth II spends many weekends of the year at the castle, using it for both state and private entertaining. Her other two residences, Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle, are the Royal Family'. It was not conceived or built as a plaything for children — its goal was to serve as an exhibit of the finest British craftsmanship of the period.

He was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church,[note 1] is the world's largest Christian church, and claims over a billion members, representing approximately half of all Christians[note 2] and one-sixth of the world's population. The Catholic Church is a communion of the Western Rite and 22 autonomous Eastern Catholic Churches ( cathedral in Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a population of 816,216. Lutyens planned a vast building of brick and granite, topped with towers and a 510-foot dome, with commissioned sculpture work by Charles Sargeant Jagger and W C H King. Work on this magnificent building started in 1933, but was stopped during the Second World War World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The war involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history. After the war the project ended due to a shortage of funding, with only the crypt completed. A model of Lutyens' unrealised building is displayed in the Walker Art Gallery The Walker Art Gallery is an art gallery in Liverpool, which houses one of the largest art collections in England, outside of London. It is promoted as "the National Gallery of the North" [9][10]. (The architect of the present Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built over land adjacent to the crypt and consecrated in 1967, was Sir Frederick Gibberd.)

In 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and both are credited as its co-authors. Abercrombie's introduction in the plan makes special reference to Lutyens' contribution. The plan was however rejected by the Councillors of Hull.

New Delhi

Largely designed by Lutyens over twenty or so years, New Delhi, situated within the metropolis of Delhi, was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new Order of classical architecture, which has become known as the "Delhi Order" and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford. Unlike the more traditional British architects who came before him, he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture — something most clearly seen in the great drum-mounted Buddhist dome of the Viceregal Lodge, now Rashtrapati Bhavan. This palatial building, containing 340 rooms, is built on an area of some 330 acres (1.3 km²) and incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens. The building was designed as the official residence of the Viceroy of India and is now the official residence of the President of India.

Lutyens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1930.[11]

The "Delhi Order" columns at the front entrance of the palace have bells carved into them which, it has been suggested, Lutyens had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end. At one time, more than 2,000 people were required to look after the building and serve the Viceroy's household.

The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices (many designed by Herbert Baker) and was distinctively built of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mughal style.

When drawing up the plans for New Delhi, Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues.

Built in the spirit of British colonial rule, the point where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market; it was there that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the present D-shaped market seen today.

Lutyens' work in New Delhi is the focus of Robert Grant Irving's book Indian Summer.

The bust of Lutyens in the former Viceroy's House is the only statue of a Westerner left in its original position in New Delhi. Many of the garden-ringed villas in the Lutyens Bungalow Zone (LBZ) that were part of Lutyens' original scheme for New Delhi are under threat due to the constant pressure for development in Delhi. The LBZ was placed on the 2002 World Monuments Fund Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites.

Works in Ireland

Works in Ireland include the All-Ireland War Memorial, Islandbridge, Dublin (recently restored by the Office of Public Works); Heywood Gardens, County Laois (open to the public); extensive changes and extensions to Lambay Castle, Lambay Island; alterations and extensions to Howth Castle, County Dublin; The unbuilt Hugh Lane gallery straddling the River Liffey on the site of the Ha'penny Bridge and the unbuilt Hugh Lane Gallery on the west side of St Stephen's Green; and a hunting lodge in north County Donegal.

Marriage and later life

Two years after she proposed to him and in the face of parental disapproval, Lady Emily Lytton (1884-1964), third daughter of Edward Bulwer-Lytton the 1st Earl of Lytton, a former Viceroy of India, married Lutyens on 4 August 1897 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. They had five children but the union was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start. The Lutyens' marriage quickly deteriorated, with Lady Emily turning her interest to theosophy and Eastern religions and a fascination – emotional and philosophical – with the guru Jiddu Krishnamurti.

The couple's daughter Elisabeth Lutyens became a well-known composer; another daughter, Mary Lutyens, became a writer known for her books about Krishnamurti. A grandson was Nicholas Ridley, cabinet minister under Margaret Thatcher.

Children

  1. Barbara Lutyens (b. 1898) married 10 May 1920 (as his 2nd wife) Capt. Rt.Hon. (David) Euan Wallace, M.C., M.P. (1892-1941). (Euan Wallace was first married 1913-1919 to Lady Idina Sackville, and had two sons by her).[12] Barbara's third and only surviving son was Billy Wallace (b. 1927), a former escort of Princess Margaret. Barbara Lutyens married 2ndly 1945 Lt.Cmdr. Herbert Agar, USNR.
  2. Robert Lutyens (1901-1971[13]/1972), an architect with his father; he was also an interior designer, journalist, and writer. He married twice and had a son by his first marriage and a daughter Candia, a furniture maker,[14] by his second marriage.
  3. Ursula (1904-1967) married 1924 the 3rd Viscount Ridley, by whom issue including Matthew Ridley, 4th Viscount Ridley (b. 1925) and his brother Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale (1929-1993), and a daughter.
  4. Agnes Elisabeth Lutyens (1906-1983); twice married, and had issue, one son and twin daughters by her first husband. By her second husband Edward Clark, she had a son born before marriage.[15][16]
  5. Edith Mary Lutyens (1908-1999); a stockbroker Anthony Rupert Herbert Franklin Sewell. They had issue, one daughter. She married 2ndly 1945 the art historian and royal furrier J.G. Links (d. 1997).[17]

Living relatives

  1. Alexandra Lutyens, grand niece of Edwin Lutyens.
  2. Quentin Johnson, husband of Alexandra Lutyens, grand nephew in law of Edwin Lutyens.
  3. Daisy Lutyens, daughter of Alexandra Lutyens, great grand niece of Edwin Lutyens.
  4. Ned Lutyens, son of Alexandra Lutyens, great grand nephew of Edwin Lutyens.

In the later years of his life, Lutyens suffered with several bouts of pneumonia. In the early 1940s he was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 1 January 1944. His memorial, designed by his friend and fellow architect William Curtis Green, is in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, London.

Gallery of Lutyens' Work

St Jude's, Hampstead Garden Suburb

Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb

Castle Drogo, Devon

Britannic House, Tavistock Square, London

Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Thiepval, France

War Memorial in the village of Mells

The India Gate, Delhi

War Memorial, Victoria Park, Leicester

Hampton Court Bridge

Tower Hill Memorial, Trinity Square, London

Nashdom, Taplow, South Buckinghamshire

Lutyens designed Broughton memorial lodge and pier Runnymede

Castle Drogo West Facade Main Entrance

Castle Drogoo Chapel & Garden from North

Castle Drogo Chapel Belfry

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "The Memorial to the Missing of the Somme" 2006. Gavin Stamp
  2. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=3Fm3XlYuSzAC&pg=RA1-PA92&dq=lutyens+new+delhi&lr=&sig=ACfU3U32X-BQnfO7ix1z5UuWW0TkhuooUw
  3. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=vct8g3U855cC&pg=PA344&dq=lutyens+new+delhi+india+gate&sig=ACfU3U06g9y8KU1PoVuq5ZFT8CYUvUDDlQ
  4. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=YVQJvcI1XeoC&pg=PA320&dq=lutyens+new+delhi&lr=&sig=ACfU3U2rPi0qKHeaRs72Lvpmi_h2qr-m-g
  5. ^ Ormrod Maxwell Ayrton at scottisharchitects.org.uk, accessed 4 February 2009
  6. ^ London Gazette: no. 30607, p. 4026, 1918-04-02. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
  7. ^ Having previously been an Associate of the Academy
  8. ^ London Gazette: no. 32942, p. 4429, 1924-06-03. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
  9. ^ The Very Greatest Building that was never Built (sourced from Findarticles.com)
  10. ^ Transcript of audio download of 'Lutyen's Cathedral' talk by Paul O'Keeffe
  11. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 33566, p. 5, 1930-01-01. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
  12. ^ Wallace family genealogy shows descendants of Euan Wallace by both wives].
  13. ^ His death date is given here as 1971
  14. ^ Lutyens Furniture Limited and Independent article (2003) on Candia Lutyens's home. Candia is married to architect Paul Peterson, and has two children.
  15. ^ Elisabeth Lutyen's life with Edward Clark
  16. ^ Elisabeth Lutyens (1906-1983): Family and professional life
  17. ^ This gives Links' death date.

Publications

Further reading

External links

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Honorary titles
Preceded by Sir William Llewellyn President of the Royal Academy 1938–1944 Succeeded by Sir Alfred Munnings

Categories: 1869 births | 1944 deaths | English architects | Neoclassical architects | Arts and Crafts Movement artists | Royal Academicians | Members of the Order of Merit | Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire | Alumni of the Royal College of Art

 

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